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Circle / Круг / Окружность

A circle is a simple shape of Euclidean geometry that is the set of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. The distance between any of the points and the centre is called the radius.

Vocabulary: 

Geometry - Геометрия
shape - форма
plane - плоскость 
distance - расстояние
point - точка
radius (pl. radii) - радиус (отрезок, соединяющий центр окружности с любой точкой, лежащей на окружности)

In geometry, a square is a regular quadrilateral. This means that it has four equal sides and four equal angles (90-degree angles, or right angles). It can also be defined as a rectangle in which two adjacent sides have equal length.

Rectangle / Прямоугольник

In Euclidean plane geometry, a rectangle is any quadrilateral with four right angles

Oval / Овал

An oval (from Latin ovum, "egg") is a closed curve in a plane which "loosely" resembles the outline of an egg. In common English, the term is used in a broader sense: any shape which reminds one of an egg.

Cylinder / Цилиндр

A cylinder (from Greek κύλινδρος – kulindros, "roller, tumbler") is one of the most basic curvilinear geometric shapes, the surface formed by the points at a fixed distance from a given line segment, the axis of the cylinder.

Cube / Куб

In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex.

Trapezoid / Трапеция

In Euclidean geometry, a convex quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides is referred to as a trapezoid in American and Canadian English but as a trapezium in English outside North America. 

Parallelogram / Параллелограмм

In Euclidean geometry, a parallelogram is a simple quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. The opposite or facing sides of a parallelogram are of equal length and the opposite angles of a parallelogram are of equal measure.

Triangle / Треугольник

A triangle is one of the basic shapes in geometry: a polygon with three corners or vertices and three sides or edges which are line segments. 

а) angle  b) circumference  c) diameter   d) height   e) length   f) radius   g) volume   h) width